Upper Zakum was originally developed through nearly 100 conventional fixed offshore platforms. Its later field architecture added four large artificial production islands: Al Ghallan/Central Island, Ettouk/North Island, Umm Al Anbar/West Island and Asseifiya/South Island. Processing is concentrated at the Central Complex, while the satellite islands provide drilling, wellhead, gathering, injection and utility functions. The islands contain more than 1,000 well slots, and extended-reach wells can exceed 35,000 feet, allowing wide reservoir areas to be accessed from limited surface locations. The development installed approximately 240 kilometres of subsea pipelines ranging from 6 to 42 inches, together with about 128 kilometres of subsea composite and fibre-optic cables, riser platforms, flare towers, bridges and island modules. Field gathering lines carry well fluids to separation and processing facilities; separate systems distribute injection water and handle associated gas. Long-term reservoir-pressure support is provided by water injection. Installed facilities include production and test manifolds, oil separation and stabilisation, gas compression, produced-water handling, export pumping, metering, chemical injection, electrical generation and distribution, control and emergency-shutdown systems, fire-and-gas detection, firewater and substantial accommodation. Stabilised crude is exported through the permanent Upper Zakum–Zirku Island oil pipeline to Zirku Island, where it is processed, stored and loaded for marine export. The field therefore has no FPSO or offshore tanker-storage vessel. The artificial islands remain integrated with legacy jackets, riser platforms and pipeline crossings rather than operating as isolated facilities.