Manifa
Manifa is a shallow-water offshore oil-field complex in Saudi Arabia’s Persian Gulf, comprising artificial drilling islands, fixed production and injection platforms, causeways and onshore processing facilities. Sustained production originally began in 1964; the modern redevelopment entered service in 2013. Lying in less than 15 metres of water, the system handles Arabian Heavy crude, associated gas and condensate through pipelines to shore-based processing and distribution infrastructure.
Operator: Saudi Aramco
Status: Operational

Image Source: https://science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-observatory/manifa-field-causeway-152115/. (All rights belong to the original owner.)
Production: Gas
Operations start: 1964
Water depth: 15 m
Country: Saudi Arabia
Block: Manifa Field
Type: Onshore
Field
The giant Manifa field lies offshore Saudi Arabia’s Eastern Province and extends roughly 45 kilometres by 18 kilometres. It is a six-reservoir accumulation containing heavy crude. The principal redevelopment target is a heterogeneous, relatively low-permeability shallow-marine carbonate reservoir with grainstone and packstone facies, local calcite cementation and minor dolomitisation. Development relies on long horizontal, extended-reach and multilateral wells supported by peripheral water injection.
Facilities
Manifa is an integrated field complex rather than a single offshore platform. The redevelopment created 27 artificial drilling islands linked by approximately 42 kilometres of causeways and about three kilometres of bridges, together with 13 conventional offshore production or water-injection platforms and 15 onshore drill sites. The overall scheme incorporated roughly 350 new wells, including long horizontal, extended-reach and multilateral production and injection wells. The islands permit conventional land rigs, road access and repeated well intervention in water too shallow for efficient large-platform construction. Crude-gathering, test and water-injection pipelines connect islands, fixed platforms and shore facilities. Offshore electrical and communications cables support remote well and platform control. At the Manifa Central Processing Facility, three parallel gas-oil separation plants separate crude, associated gas and water. Additional permanent systems provide gas processing, condensate handling, produced-water management, injection-water distribution, metering, chemical injection, flare and relief protection, firewater, process control and emergency shutdown. A 420-megawatt cogeneration plant supplies heat and electrical power to the development. Processed crude enters the Saudi pipeline network and is routed to the al-Ju’aymah tank farm for distribution to domestic refining and export systems. Separated gas and condensate are transferred by pipeline to the Khursaniyah Gas Plant for further treatment. Reservoir-pressure support is provided by a large aquifer-water supply and injection network feeding dedicated injectors across the field. The causeway incorporates bridge openings that preserve tidal circulation and navigation channels, making the transport structure an integral long-term component of the offshore production architecture.

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